查看   show variables like "%char%";
          SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';
          SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';


SET NAMES 'utf8';
它相当于下面的三句指令：
SET character_set_client = utf8;
SET character_set_results = utf8;
SET character_set_connection = utf8;

创建数据库
mysql> create database name character set utf8;

创建表
CREATE TABLE `type` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
`flag_deleted` enum('Y','N') character set utf8 NOT NULL default 'N',
`flag_type` int(5) NOT NULL default '0',
`type_name` varchar(50) character set utf8 NOT NULL default '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

修改数据库成utf8的.
mysql> alter database name character set utf8;

 修改表默认用utf8.
mysql> alter table type character set utf8;

修改字段用utf8
mysql> alter table type modify type_name varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8;

/etc/my.cnf
--在 [mysqld] 标签下加上三行
character-set-server=utf8
#####default-character-set=utf8(旧版本)
lower_case_table_names = 1 //表名不区分大小写（此与编码无关）

--在 [mysql] 标签下加上一行
default-character-set = utf8

--在 [mysql.server]标签下加上一行
default-character-set = utf8

--在 [mysqld_safe]标签下加上一行
default-character-set = utf8

--在 [client]标签下加上一行
default-character-set = utf8
重新启动MySql服务